5.3.5. Социальная психология, политическая и экономическая психология

The study of subjective narratives related to political participation on social media is especially relevant in the current context. In recent years, Cuba has experienced a significant expansion of the Internet access. The historical structuring of the Cuban society and the current sociopolitical context in the country demand empirical studies that investigate this particular sphere.

Objective. To characterize the subjective narratives associated with the political participation of young people and adults residing in Cuba.

Methods. A single-question questionnaire was used with a sample of 4,207 people aged 18 to 85. The R programming language (version 4.3.3) for Windows was used for data processing and analysis. A qualitative approach was adopted, and a thematic analysis of the responses was performed. Topic modeling and sentiment analysis were employed.

Results. Nine topics underlying the subjects' discourse on political participation on social media were identified. Perceptions range from apathy and a waste of time to valuing political expression and defense of ideals.

Conclusions. This overview suggests that while some see social media as an active platform for political participation and personal expression, others perceive it as a problematic or irrelevant space for real political influence. Attitudes toward digital political participation are influenced by age.

Nowadays, digital social media have become important socialization spaces for adolescents. Interaction on these platforms has raised concerns about possible consequences for mental health at this age. The mediation of the family environment can be a protective factor against possible online risks. The present study aimed to review in a narrative way the main results of research that in recent years have been interested in the relationship between the use of digital social networks, mental health and parental mediation in adolescence. Although there are contradictory results, most of the findings of previous studies in this field suggest that the use of social networks impairs the well-being of adolescents by causing externalizing and internalizing symptoms and lower life satisfaction. Likewise, parental mediation often decreases the mental health effects of interaction on these platforms. The active mediation strategy is the most effective at this stage of life.

Background. Problematic social media use and emotional regulation difficulties have been associated with increased appearance-related concerns among adolescents. However, these associations may vary depending on the interaction of psychosocial factors and contextual influences such as parental mediation.

Objective. To identify profiles based on adolescents’ levels of problematic social media use and online emotional intelligence, and to examine their relationship with appearance-related social media consciousness, considering the mediating role of parental mediation strategies and the moderating role of gender.

Design. A total of 636 Cuban adolescents aged 12 to 15 participated in the study, the majority of whom were female (n = 351, 55.2%). Measures included validated scales of social media disorder, online emotional intelligence, parental mediation, and appearance-related social media consciousness (ASMC). Latent Profile Analysis was used to identify profiles, followed by parallel multiple mediation and moderated mediation models using the PROCESS macro.

Results. Four latent profiles were identified, reflecting different combinations of emotional competence and problematic use. Only active parental mediation emerged as a significant mediator between profiles and appearance-related social media consciousness (ASMC), with stronger effects among adolescents with lower emotional intelligence. No significant moderated mediation by gender was found, although girls reported higher exposure to mediation and more pronounced indirect effects in high-risk profiles.

Conclusion. These findings emphasize that adolescents’ digital and emotional profiles shape how appearance-related risks develop in social media contexts. They underscore the protective value of active parental mediation and suggest that interventions should not only address problematic social media use but also promote emotional competencies and strengthen family involvement, offering practical guidelines for prevention programs and school-based interventions. 

Emotion regulation (ER) plays a central role in mental health, but the effect differs across cultures. Here, expanding from extant literature’s focus on Western–Eastern dichotomy or individualism–collectivism, this meta-analysis synthesized evidence on the associations between the two most-studied ER strategies (cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression) and two mental health outcomes (psychopathology and positive functioning) and investigated the moderating roles of several cultural dimensions: Hofstede’s national cultures dimensions, education, industrialization, richness and democracy (EIRDness), and sample demographics. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using electronic databases (CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO and MEDLINE) to identify eligible studies reporting relationships between ER and mental health outcomes (PROSPERO: CRD42021258190, 249 articles, n = 150,474, 861 effect sizes, 37 countries/regions). For Hofstede’s national cultures and EIRDness, multimodel inference revealed that greater reappraisal propensity was more adaptive in more short-term-oriented, uncertainty-tolerant and competition-driven cultures, whereas greater suppression propensity was more maladaptive in more indulgent and competition-driven cultures. For demographics, greater reappraisal propensity was more adaptive for samples with more female (B = −0.19, 95% confidence interval (CI) −0.29 to −0.09) and more racial minority participants (B = −0.32, 95% CI −0.51 to −0.13), whereas greater suppression propensity was more maladaptive in younger samples (B = −0.004, 95% CI −0.005 to −0.002). These findings elucidate how cultures are associated with the function of ER and suggests ways in which future studies can integrate cultural characteristics when examining ER and psychological adjustment.

Research on social comparison as a behaviour change technique (SC-BCT) has increased substantially. We conducted a random-effects meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials investigating SC-BCTs across the behavioural sciences (PROSPERO: CRD42022343154). We searched MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Web of Science from inception to January 2024. Seventy-nine randomized controlled trials (N = 1,356,521) investigating effects on behaviours related to climate change mitigation, health, performance and service were included. In the short term (mean 3.7 months post-intervention), SC-BCTs produced small effects relative to both passive (Hedges’ g = 0.17; 95% confidence interval, 0.11–0.23; k = 37; P < 0.001) and active control conditions (g = 0.23; 95% confidence interval, 0.15–0.31; k = 42; P < 0.001). A greater number of SC-BCT sessions and emphasis on desired (versus undesired) behaviours were associated with larger effects. Moderation effects were observed in only a few analyses, highlighting the need for further testing. SC-BCTs also produced significant small effects in the long term (mean 6.2 months post-intervention). Small effects should be interpreted in the context of low cost and scalability (for example, sending one or two emails). Certainty of evidence, using GRADE criteria, ranged from low to moderate depending on the analysis. More high-quality research is needed.

What determines who becomes and stays friends? Many factors are linked to friendship, including physical proximity and interpersonal similarities. Recent work has leveraged neuroimaging to detect similarities among friends by capturing how people process the world around them. However, given the cross-sectional nature of past research, it is unknown if neural similarity precedes friendship or only emerges among friends following social connection. Here we show that similarities in neural responses to movie clips—acquired before participants met one another—predicted proximity in a friendship network eight months later (that is, participants with similar responses were more likely to be friends rather than several degrees of separation apart). We also examined changes in distances between participants in their shared social network, which resulted from the formation, persistence and dissolution of friendships, between two months and eight months after they met each other. Compared with people who drifted further apart, people who grew closer over this six-month period had been more neurally similar as strangers. In addition, analyses controlling for sociodemographic similarities showed that whereas these similarities appeared to drive the differences in pre-existing neural similarities between friends and dyads of a social distance of 3, they did not account for the more extensive links between pre-existing neural similarities and the tendency for people to grow closer together, rather than drift farther apart, over time. Thus, whereas some friendships may initially form due to circumstance and dissolve over time, later-emerging and longer-lasting friendships may be rooted in deeper interpersonal compatibilities that are indexed by pre-existing neural similarities. The localization of these results suggests that pre-existing similarities in how people interpret, attend to and emotionally respond to their surroundings are precursors of future friendship and increased social closeness.

Establishing a unified theory of cognition has been an important goal in psychology1,2. A first step towards such a theory is to create a computational model that can predict human behaviour in a wide range of settings. Here we introduce Centaur, a computational model that can predict and simulate human behaviour in any experiment expressible in natural language. We derived Centaur by fine-tuning a state-of-the-art language model on a large-scale dataset called Psych-101. Psych-101 has an unprecedented scale, covering trial-by-trial data from more than 60,000 participants performing in excess of 10,000,000 choices in 160 experiments. Centaur not only captures the behaviour of held-out participants better than existing cognitive models, but it also generalizes to previously unseen cover stories, structural task modifications and entirely new domains. Furthermore, the model’s internal representations become more aligned with human neural activity after fine-tuning. Taken together, our results demonstrate that it is possible to discover computational models that capture human behaviour across a wide range of domains. We believe that such models provide tremendous potential for guiding the development of cognitive theories, and we present a case study to demonstrate this.

The article aims to outline bloggings as a complex social phenomenon and identify the current role of blogs in virtual reality. The literature review revealed that the evolving paradigm of civilizational growth has led to a hybrid environment, which combines the aspects of physical world and virtual reality artefacts, resulting in a unique media landscape, significantly impacting socio- cultural and communicative dynamics. However, the field lacks studies on typical features of blogosphere, such as its inherent openness, fostering informal communication, intention to both monetization and self-expression. To address the study’s objectives the research adopts an integrative interdisciplinary approach, including socio-philosophical and semiotic cultural studies, theory of computer communication, network and Internet discourse studies to use data from various fields of humanitarian knowledge. It is concluded that originally created as online diaries, currently blogs as a diverse media platform demonstrate several unique features, including high personalization, audience feedback capabilities, constant user engagement with various types of information (verbal, audial, visual). These characteristics positioned blogs as key contributors to the growth of virtual sociality, leading to the emergence of a new type of society characterized by heightened human sensory experiences and the development of new empathetic models and behavioral attitudes. A notable sign of these changes is that the audience’s attention has shifted from professional media institutions to individual bloggers, who are increasingly adopting media-like behaviors. The current research adopts an interdisciplinary approach, merging socio-philosophical and semiotic cultural studies, as well as with theory of computer communication, network and Internet discourse studies. It also employs methods of Internet linguistics and the principles of pragmalinguistics; the axiological method helps to identify value-based socio- cultural guidelines within the framework of globalization.

This study aims to investigate the impact of avatar identification on the intention to share by examining the mediating role of user immersion and the moderating effect of perceived social distance. For this, we collected 228 higher education students in South Korea through a survey and used hierarchical regression with SPSS 24.0. In the results, first, it showed that participants who perceived higher levels of similarity identification, wishful identification, and embodied presence in their avatars in the metaverse platform were more immersed in their avatars. Second, participants who perceived greater embodied presence in their avatars had a stronger intention to share their avatars through immersion. Finally, the positive relationship between perceived embodied presence and immersion was more significant for participants in metaverse platforms with higher perceived social distance compared to those with lower perceived social distance. This study is the first to examine the integral model of avatar identification factors in the metaverse platform. And, this study’s results show the mechanism by which avatar identification enhances the intention to share.

Работа посвящена актуальной междисциплинарной теме возможности выявления в текстах признаков депрессии. Целью исследования являлось определение тех параметров текста, которые могут при автоматическом анализе служить маркерами депрессии / депрессивности. Исследование двух корпусов текстов – эссе, написанных больными депрессией и здоровыми испытуемыми, и постов в социальных сетях, написанных людьми с высокими и низкими показателями депрессивности по шкале Бека – проводилось с помощью инструмента автоматического анализа текста TITANIS, разработанного в ФИЦ ИУ РАН. Получены данные анализа по 108 параметрам 557 текстов эссе (полученных от 110 больных депрессией и 447 здоровых испытуемых) и 224 текстов постов в социальных сетях (полученных от 89 испытуемых с признаками депрессивного состояния и 135 испытуемых без признаков депрессивности). Выявлены текстовые особенности, общие и специфичные для текстов больных депрессией и текстов людей с высокими показателями депрессивности по опроснику, представлена их психологическая интерпретация. Проведён лингвистический анализ специфики «депрессивного текста» в группе больных депрессией и в группе «депрессивных» по данным опросника. Показана роль не только частотно-лексических, но и грамматических в широком смысле признаков текста (части речи, морфемы, граммемы, именные синтаксемы, признаки связности, членимость текста и др.). По результатам анализа предложены три комплексных показателя депрессии, включающих в себя ряд частных психолингвистических, лингвистических и психологических маркеров. Для текстов людей, имеющих признаки депрессивности по шкале Бека, выделены маркеры постов в соцсетях, объединяющиеся в два комплексных показателя; предложено рассматривать их в массовых обследованиях как показатели недовольства (враждебности), а не депрессии. Сделаны выводы по проблемам выделения текстовых маркеров депрессии и сформулированы предложения по вопросам методологии использования средств автоматического анализа текста в сетевой психодиагностике.